Heart Disease

Heart disease is a condition when the heart experiences problems. Several types of heart disease, including:

• Coronary heart disease is a heart disease that occurs due to narrowing of the blood vessels in the heart.
•  Congenital heart disease is a heart problem found in infancy, the most common of which is heart valve leakage.
• Heart infection (endocarditis), is an infection of the inner lining of the heart.
• Heart failure is a failure of the heart muscle to pump blood adequately throughout the body.
• Arrhythmia, is a heart rhythm disorder that causes an abnormal heart rate.

Causes of Heart Disease

The causes and risk factors for heart disease depend on the type of disorder suffered, including:

1. Congenital heart disease, until now the cause is not known with certainty. Some risk factors include the mother being infected with rubella during pregnancy, the mother taking certain medications during pregnancy, or the presence of a gene abnormality.
2. Heart infection (endocarditis), generally caused by viruses or bacteria. The most common bacteria found as the cause is group A Streptococcus beta hemolyticus bacterial infection.
3. Heart failure is generally caused by coronary heart disease, infection, or heart valve abnormalities.
4. Arrhythmias are generally caused by congenital abnormalities, heart muscle that dies due to coronary heart disease, excessive alcohol or caffeine consumption, stress, or side effects of certain medications.

Heart Disease Diagnosis

The doctor will diagnose heart disease by starting with a complete medical interview, followed by a thorough physical examination, as well as supporting examinations if necessary. Some of these supporting examinations include:

• Electrocardiogram (EKG), which is an examination to see the electrical flow and rhythm of the heart. This examination is carried out by attaching several leads (shaped like clamps) to the patient’s body. EKG is the most common examination performed on those suspected of having heart problems.
• Echocardiography, which is an examination to see the inside of the heart, the function of the heart pump, and the function of the heart valves. This examination is mainly carried out on those who are suspected of having heart failure, congenital heart disease, and heart valve abnormalities.
• Treadmill test, which is a heart rhythm check carried out while the patient is doing physical activity (treadmill). This examination is generally carried out to detect coronary heart disease early.
• Angiography, which is a heart examination carried out by inserting a device that functions as a camera into the heart’s blood vessels to see if there are blockages in the heart’s blood vessels.

Heart Disease Treatment

Treatment for heart disease depends on the disorder suffered, including:

• Coronary heart disease, treatment aims to prevent more severe blockages in the heart’s blood vessels, by giving the sufferer blood thinning drugs (such as aspirin or clopidogrel) and nitrates. If the blockage is very severe, the doctor will open the blockage in the blood vessels through percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
• Congenital heart disease, treatment is carried out by surgery to close the leak in the heart valve or septum.
• Heart infections, treatment is carried out by administering antibiotics appropriate to the type of germ that infects, anti-inflammatories and blood thinners.
• Heart failure, treatment aims to reduce fluid in the body, thereby reducing the work of the heart. The doctor will give medication to increase the heart’s strength in pumping blood.
• Arrhythmic heart disease, treatment aims to control the heart rhythm, by administering drugs that affect the heart rhythm, such as beta blockers, diltiazem, and verapamil. If there is no improvement, the doctor will perform cardiac ablation to control inappropriate electrical flow in the heart.

Heart Disease Prevention

In congenital heart disease, effective prevention efforts have not been found to date. However, for coronary heart disease, heart failure and arrhythmias, several preventive measures can be taken, including:

1. Consume foods high in fiber, low in sugar and low in fat.
2. Stop smoking habits and avoid exposure to cigarette smoke.
3. Check blood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol regularly.
4. Do physical exercise, such as jogging, cycling and swimming, for at least 30 minutes every day.

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

If the baby has symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, heart palpitations, shortness of breath or bluish skin, especially when breastfeeding, you should immediately consult a doctor for further examination and treatment.

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